Asosiasi Bisnis

Business Associations

Agensi, kemitraan, korporasi, dan LLC: formasi, kewajiban fidusia, hak pemegang saham, dan perbedaan perusahaan California diuji pada hari esai.

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1AgencyHow one person binds another in contract and tort. The chapter defines agency (assent, benefit, control), the duties between principal and agent and the remedies for breach, contract liability through actual authority, apparent authority and ratification, the liability of the agent by type of principal, tort liability under respondeat superior and the independent-contractor exceptions, and how authority ends. California points: the equal dignities rule (Civ. Code § 2309) and the protection of third parties who act without actual knowledge (§ 2356(b)).60 mntBebas

Perbedaan California

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CAPerbedaan Kalifornia

The equal dignities rule: written authority

Aturan umum (federal / mayoritas)

Under the Restatement default, authority may be oral unless a statute requires a writing (Restatement (Third) of Agency § 3.02). Many states require written authority for land contracts.

Kalifornia

Authority for a contract that must be in writing must itself be written (Civ. Code § 2309). An agent’s land sale or lease over 1 year is invalid without written authority (Cal. Civ. Code § 1624(a)(3)). Ratification must also be written (§ 2310).

If the call is silent and an agent signed a land contract on oral authority, add one sentence: some states, including California, require written authority. If the call names California, analyze §§ 2309–2310 fully.

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