侵权法

Torts

故意侵权、过失、严格责任、产品责任、诽谤、隐私，以及各自的抗辩。

1 章1 小时的阅读时间32 练习题

免费阅读第 1 章练习 10 个问题

章节

1Intentional Torts to the PersonHow Torts is tested on the MBE and the essays, and the four intentional torts that protect the body, the mind and personal freedom: battery, assault, false imprisonment and intentional infliction of emotional distress. The chapter teaches the intent element (purpose or substantial certainty), transferred intent and the capacity rule, states the elements of each tort with the fact patterns that separate them, and closes with the damages available, including nominal damages and the California punitive-damages standard in Civil Code § 3294.61 分钟免费

加州有何不同

摘自第 1 章

CA加州差异

Punitive damages: standard of proof and evidence

一般规则（联邦 / 多数州）

Courts allow punitive damages for malicious, willful and wanton, or reckless conduct. The standard of proof varies: many states require clear and convincing evidence, while others use a preponderance. The MBE rarely tests the standard.

加州

Civil Code § 3294 requires clear and convincing evidence of oppression, fraud or malice, each defined by the statute. The plaintiff must present evidence of the defendant’s financial condition (Adams v. Murakami (1991) 54 Cal.3d 105). The defendant may keep that evidence out until liability for punitive damages is found (Cal. Civ. Code § 3295).

If the call names California law, write the § 3294 sentence with the three words and the clear and convincing standard. If the call is silent, state the general rule, and add one sentence on California only if it changes the result.

视频课

David Alvarez

侵权法讲师

Personal-injury trial lawyer (San Diego), 60+ jury trials; teaches negligence through cases.

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